2021考研英語考題（考生回憶版）及參考答案解析

2022-06-30

來源：昭昭醫(yī)考

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以下是小昭為大家整理的歷年英語考題（考生回憶版）及答案解析，希望對即將參加考研的同學們有所幫助。

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.

One study found that muscle loss and the 4of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.

The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat10worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13. It is hoped that future studies could 14these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.

16 there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental18 The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.

[A] pauses [B] returns[C] peaks[D] fades

2. [A] alternatively [B] formally[C] accidentally[D]generally

3. [A] while [B] since [C]once [D]until

4. [A] detection [B] accumulation [C] consumption[D]separation

5. [A] possibility[B] decision[C] goal [D] requirement

6. [A] delay [B] ensure[C] seek [D]utilize

7. [A] modified [B] supported[C] included [D] predicted

8. [A] devoted [B] compared[C] converted [D] applied

9. [A] with [B] above[C]by [D] against

10. [A] lived [B] managed [C] scored[D] played

11. [A] ran out [B] set off[C] drew in[D] went by

12. [A] superior [B] attributable [C] parallel [D] resistant

13. [A] restored [B] isolated [C]involved [D] controlled

14. [A] alter[B] spread [C] remove [D] explain

15. [A] compensations [B] symptoms [C] demands [D] treatments

16. [A] Likewise [B] Meanwhile [C] Therefore [D] Instead

17. [A] change [B] watch [C] count [D] take

18. [A] well-being [B] process [C] formation[D]coordination

19. [A] level [B] love[C] knowledge [D] space

20. [A] design[B] routine [C] diet[D] prescription

SectionⅡReading Comprehension

Part A Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.

Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.

However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.

The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate.This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways.Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed,or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.

21.The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passenger fares

[A] has kept pace with inflation.

[B] is a big surprise to commuters.

[C] remains an unreasonable measure.

[D] will ease train operators’ burden.

22. The stockbroker in Paragraph 2 is used to stand for

[A] car drivers.

[B] rail travelers.

[C] local investors.

[D] ordinary taxpayers.

23. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that train operators

[A] are offering compensation to commuters.